Phytocenosis on the East Beach of Havana, Cuba. IV. Post dune

Abstract

Pioneer species, such as beach grass, change the conditions of the dunes, making it possible for others species can grow. They stabilize the dunes by holding the sand in place and change the environment by retaining moisture and nutrients. Others plants, synanthropic plants, can then colonize the area because of these changes. This gradual change in plants is known as synanthropic succession, they produce news plant associations at beach ecosystems in the East of Havana, so therefore, and they are described. The Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature is applied using phytocenological method of the Zürich-Montpellier approach.